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UNESCO Dünya Mirası Listesi’nde Türkiye’den hangi eserler ve hangi bölgeler var? UNESCO listesinde yer alan İstanbul’un tarihi alanları, Kapadokya’nın benzersiz peri bacaları, Pamukkale’nin travertenleri gibi eserler, Türkiye’nin dünya mirasına katkısını vurguluyor. Bu zengin miras, Türkiye’nin turizm potansiyelini artırarak, hem kültürel hem de doğal alanlarda dünya çapında tanınmasını sağlıyor. Peki UNESCO Dünya Mirası Listesi’ne giren yerler ve eserler hangileri?
UNESCO 17. Genel Konferansı, 17 Ekim-21 Kasım 1972 tarihleri arasında Paris’te toplanmış ve 16 Kasım 1972 tarihinde UNESCO Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasının Korunmasına Dair Sözleşme’yi kabul etmiştir. Türkiye Sözleşmeye 14.04.1982 tarih ve 2658 sayılı Kanunla taraf olma kararı almış, Kanun Bakanlar Kurulu tarafından 23.05.1982 tarih ve 8/4788 sayılı Kararla onaylanmış ve 14.02.1983 tarih ve 17959 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayınlanarak yürürlüğe girmiştir. Gerekli belgelerin UNESCO Genel Merkezi’ne sunulmasıyla Türkiye Sözleşmeye 16.03.1983 tarihinde resmen taraf olmuştur. 1972 Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasının Korunması Sözleşmesi’ne göre oluşturulan ve Dünya Mirası Komitesi (DMK) tarafından belirlenen Dünya Mirası Listesi’nde Dünya Miras Alanı olarak ilan edilen 1223 miras yer almaktadır. Bunlardan 952’si kültürel, 231’i doğal ve 40’ı karma (doğal ve kültürel) miraslardır. Türkiye’nin bu listede 19’u kültürel, 2’si karma olmak üzere 21 miras alanı bulunmaktadır:
1. Divriği Ulu Camii ve Darüşşifası (Sivas) 1985
2. İstanbul’un Tarihî Alanları (İstanbul) 1985
3. Göreme Millî Parkı ve Kapadokya (Nevşehir) 1985 (Karma Miras Alanı)
10. Edirne Selimiye Camii ve Külliyesi (Edirne) 2011
11. Çatalhöyük Neolitik Alanı (Konya) 2012
12. Bursa ve Cumalıkızık: Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun Doğuşu (Bursa) 2014
13. Bergama Çok Katmanlı Kültürel Peyzaj Alanı (İzmir) 2014
14. Diyarbakır Kalesi ve Hevsel Bahçeleri Kültürel Peyzajı (Diyarbakır) 2015
15. Efes (İzmir) 2015
16. Ani Arkeolojik Alanı (Kars) 2016
17. Aphrodisias (Aydın) 2017
18. Göbekli Tepe (Şanlıurfa) 2018
19. Arslantepe Höyüğü (Malatya) 2021
20. Gordion (Ankara) 2023
21. Anadolu’nun Ortaçağ Dönemi Ahşap Hipostil Camiileri (Konya-Eşrefoğlu Camii, Kastamonu-Mahmut Bey Camii, Eskişehir-Sivrihisar Camii, Afyon-Afyon Ulu Camii, Ankara-Arslanhane Camii) 2023
UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi
UNESCO’nun 1972 yılında kabul ettiği Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasın Korunmasına Dair Sözleşmeye bağlı olarak oluşturulan Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirası Listesinde 2024 yılında Hindistan’ın başkanlığı ve ev sahipliğinde Yeni Delhi’de gerçekleştirilen Dünya Mirası Komitesi 46. Oturumunda kabul edilen miraslarla birlikte 1223 miras yer almaktadır. Bunlardan 952’si kültürel, 231’i doğal ve 40’ı karma (doğal ve kültürel) miraslardır. 2024 yılı itibariyle Sözleşmeyi kabul eden 195 Taraf Devlet bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’nin söz konusu listede 19’u kültürel, 2’si karma olmak üzere 21 miras alanı bulunmaktadır.
Dünya Miras Komitesi tarafından UNESCO Dünya Mirası Listesine alınan bu mirasların yanı sıra bir de bu listeye önerilmesi öngörülen ancak henüz adaylık süreçleri tamamlanmayan miraslardan oluşan Geçici Liste bulunmaktadır. Geçici Liste Üye Devletler için ulusal bir envanter niteliğinde olup, asıl listeye başvurulacak olan alanlar bu listeden seçilerek belirlenmektedir. 2024 yılı itibariyle Sözleşmeye Taraf 195 Devletten 189’unun UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi’nde miras alanları yer almaktadır. Türkiye’nin Geçici Listede ilki 1994 yılında sunulan ve son olarak 2023 yılında güncellenen şekliyle 72 kültürel, 4 karma ve 3 doğal olmak üzere toplam 79 mirası bulunmaktadır.
Listeye Kaydediliş Tarihleriyle
Türkiye’nin UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesindeki Alanları
Karain Mağarası (Antalya) 1994
Urartu ve Osmanlı Eski Yerleşimi Ahlat Mezar Taşları (Bitlis) 2000
Alahan Manastırı (Mersin) 2000
Alanya (Antalya) 2000
Harran ve Şanlıurfa (Şanlıurfa) 2000
İshakpaşa Sarayı (Ağrı) 2000
Konya Selçuklu Başkenti (Konya) 2000
Mardin Kültürel Peyzajı (Mardin) 2000
Selçuklu Kervansarayları Denizli-Doğubayazıt Güzergâhı 2000
St. Nicholas Kilisesi (Antalya) 2000
St. Paul Kilisesi, St. Paul Kuyusu ve Tarihî Çevresi (Mersin) 2000
Sümela Manastırı (Trabzon) 2000
Likya Uygarlığı Antik Kentleri (Antalya ve Muğla) 2009
Perge Arkeolojik Alanı (Antalya) 2009
Sagalassos Arkeolojik Alanı (Burdur) 2009
Hatay, St. Pierre Kilisesi (Hatay) 2011
Aizanoi Antik Kenti (Kütahya) 2012
Beçin Ortaçağ Kenti (Muğla) 2012
Birgi Tarihî Kenti (İzmir) 2012
Hacı Bektaş Veli Külliyesi (Nevşehir) 2012
Hekatomnos Anıt Mezarı ve Kutsal Alanı (Muğla) 2012
Niğde’nin Tarihî Anıtları (Niğde) 2012
Mamure Kalesi (Mersin) 2012
Odunpazarı Tarihî Kent Merkezi (Eskişehir) 2012
Yesemek Taş Ocağı ve Heykel Atölyesi (Gaziantep) 2012
Zeugma Arkeolojik Alanı (Gaziantep) 2012
Sardes Antik Kenti ve Bintepeler Lidya Tümülüsleri (Manisa) 2013
Laodikeia Arkeolojik Alanı (Denizli) 2013
Akdeniz’den Karadeniz’e Kadar Ceneviz Ticaret Yolu’nda Kale ve Sur Yerleşimleri 2013
Anadolu Selçuklu Medreseleri (Konya, Kayseri, Sivas, Erzurum, Kırşehir) 2014
Anavarza Antik Kenti (Adana) 2014
Kaunos Antik Kenti (Muğla) 2014
Korykos Antik Kenti (Mersin) 2014
Kültepe – Kanesh Arkeolojik Alanı (Kayseri) 2014
Çanakkale ve Gelibolu 1. Dünya Savaşı Alanları (Çanakkale) 2014
Eflatun Pınar: Hitit Kaya Anıtı (Konya) 2014
İznik (Bursa) 2014
Ahi Evran Türbesi (Kırşehir) 2014
Vespasianus – Titus Tüneli (Hatay) 2014
Zeynel Abidin Camii ve Mor Yakup (St. Jacob) Kilisesi (Mardin) 2014
Akdamar Kilisesi (Van) 2015
Aspendos Antik Kenti Tiyatrosu ve Su Kemerleri (Antalya) 2015
Eshab-ı Kehf Külliyesi (İslami-Osmanlı Sosyal Kompleksi) (Kahramanmaraş) 2015