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Kış mevsiminin yaklaşmasına rağmen İspanya’nın popüler tatil destinasyonlarındaki turizm karşıtlığı yavaşlama belirtisi göstermiyor.
Geçtiğimiz hafta İspanya’nın Kanarya Adaları’ndan Tenerife’te yer alan Los Cristianos kentindeki iki popüler plajda, 230’dan fazla şezlong tahrif edilerek, üzerlerine turizm karşıtı mesajlar yazıldı. “Canarias se defiende” (Kanarya Adaları kendini savunur) ve “Canarias no se vende” (Kanarya Adaları satılık değildir) gibi ifadelerle grafitiler bırakıldı.
Las Vistas ve El Camison plajlarındaki şezlonglar, 5 Aralık Perşembe sabahı erken saatlerde kimliği belirsiz kişiler tarafından tahrip edildi. Arona Belediye Meclisi, bu olayları ‘koordineli saldırı’ olarak nitelendirdi.
Las Vistas’ta 100, El Camison’da ise 136 şezlong tahrip edilirken, yakınlardaki bir alışveriş merkezi de grafitilerle kirletildi.
Sonraki günlerde internette paylaşılan bir videoda, vandalların şezlongları bıçakla kestikleri görüldü. Canarian Weekly’nin haberine göre, bu vandalizm nedeniyle yaklaşık 5.000 euro zararın oluştuğu tahmin ediliyor.
Belediye Başkanı Fatima Lemes yaptığı açıklamada, “Her türlü vandalizme ve Arona’nın mirasına saldıran bazı kişilerin nezaket eksikliğine karşıyız, bu da hem sakinlere hem de ziyaretçilere ciddi zarar veriyor,” dedi. Bu tür ihlallerin kanunen cezalandırılabilir olduğunu yineleyen Bakan, faillerin tespit edilmesi için vatandaşlara yardım çağrısında bulundu.
Turizm karşıtı protesto dalgasının sonuncusu
Kanarya Adaları, son dönemde turizm karşıtlarının odak noktası haline geldi. Nisan ayında on binlerce protestocu takımadalarda sokaklara dökülerek, çevreye ve insanların yaşam tarzına zarar verdiğini düşündükleri kontrolsüz gelişimin sınırlandırılmasını talep etti. Bazı aktivistler ise Tenerife’de yeni bir otel ve plaj tesisi inşaatını durdurmak amacıyla açlık grevine başladı.
Gösteriler, Balear Adaları, Alicante, güney sahilindeki çeşitli şehirler ve Barselona da dahil olmak üzere İspanya’nın popüler turistik yerlerinin çoğuna yayıldı. Yabancılara su tabancalarıyla su sıkıldığı ve ‘evlerine gitmeleri’ için bağırıldığı yönünde bazı raporlar olsa da, çoğu durumda protestolar barışçıl şekilde gerçekleştirildi.
Ancak bazı eylemler daha endişe verici oldu. Temmuz ayında Sevilla’daki apartman dairelerinin kilit kutularına dışkı sürüldü ve Airbnb lisanslarının iptal edilmesi talep edildi. Ekim ayında ise Tenerife’deki Playa de las Americas plajında bayrak sallayan ve davul çalan turizm karşıtı protestocular, güneşlenen ziyaretçilerin etrafını sararak onları korkutmaya çalıştı.
Çok sayıda şehir ve bölgede durumu yatıştırmaya yönelik girişimler oldu. Örneğin, Barselona’da kısa süreli turist apartmanları 2028’den itibaren yasaklanacak. Palma de Mallorca, limana yanaşabilecek kruvaziyer gemilerinin sayısını sınırlarken, Tenerife de bazı milli parklarına gelen ziyaretçi sayısına sınırlama getirdi.
İspanyollar turizmden neden memnun değil?
Medyaya konuşan protestocular, turizm endüstrisine karşı olmadıklarını vurguluyor. Turizm, Kanarya Adaları’nın ekonomik girdisinin üçte birinden fazlasını ve istihdamının yüzde 40’ını sağlıyor, dolayısıyla yerel halk ziyaretçilerin değerini anlıyor.
Aktivist Daniel Cabrera, Standard’a şunları söyledi: “Biz turizm istiyoruz. İstemediğimiz şey ise aşırı sömürü ve yerel ekonomiye fayda sağlamayan çöp turizmi.”
Cabrera ayrıca, adadaki otellerden ve diğer işletmelerden elde edilen paranın yüzde 75’inin İspanya dışına gittiğini belirterek, “Buna göz yumulamaz,” dedi.
Sorun, yerel halkın ülkede turizmin kontrolsüz bir şekilde genişlediğini düşünmesinden kaynaklanıyor. Bu durumun konut maliyetlerinin artmasına, çevre sorunlarına ve kamu hizmetlerinin zorlanmasına yol açtığını söylüyorlar.
Ulusal İstatistik Enstitüsü’ne (INE) göre, 2023 yılında Kanarya Adalıların yüzde 34’ü yoksulluk ya da sosyal dışlanma riski altında olacak ki bu Endülüs’ten sonra İspanya’daki en yüksek rakam.
Ancak tüm yerliler aynı şekilde düşünmüyor. Kanarya Adaları’nda bir restoran sahibi olan Augusto Ferreira, turizmin adaların ekonomisi için önemini vurgulamak amacıyla ‘Lanzarote Turizmi Seviyor’ adlı bir karşı protesto düzenledi.
İspanya Ulusal İstatistik Enstitüsü, Kanarya Adaları’na yapılan ziyaretlerde bir önceki yıla göre yüzde 10,3’lük bir artış olduğunu ve 2023 yılında 14 milyon uluslararası turistin geleceğini bildirdi. Bu milyonlar da adalara 20 milyar euroluk rekor bir gelir getirdi.
Kaynak: Euronews / Joanna Bailey
Fotoğraf: The Telegraph / Canarian Weekly – The New York Times