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2014’ten itibaren ekonomide bozulan alanlardan en önemli ikisi ihracat ve turizmdi.
Habertürk köşe yazarı Abdurrahman Yıldırım,Turizm ve İhracat konu alan bir yazı kaleme aldı. Turizm ile ilgili açıklamaların yer aldığı ve düzelmenin devam edeceğini belirttiği yazısını sizlerle paylaştık.
– İhracat düşüşünde küresel ticaretin ve dış pazarların durgunluğu etkiliydi. Bir de dış politikaya bağlı komşu ülkelere yönelik dış satımda yaşanan zorluklar buna eklendi. Durum katmerlendi ve Türkiye ihracatı 1980 sonrası ilk kez iki yıl üst üste geriledi. Bu yıl ise küresel ticaretteki canlanmanın etkisiyle toparlanıyor. Yılın ilk 5 ayındaki artış yüzde 7.4’ü buldu. Buradaki tıkanıklık kısmen aşıldı.
– İkinci en büyük döviz kazandırıcı sektör olan turizm de tam bu dönemde vurgun yedi. Yurtiçinde terör olaylarının şehirlerde tırmanması en büyük handikap oldu. Dış politik etkiler de buna eklendi. Ama asıl Rusya’nın uçak krizinden dolayı koyduğu ambargo belirleyici oldu. Sonuç ise turizm sektörü de tam iki yıl geriledi. 2015 Şubatı’nda başlayan bu gerileme dönemi Rusya’nın etkisiyle 2016’da çöküşe döndü. Ülkeye gelen yabancı turist sayısı yüzde 30.5 oranında azaldı.
– Gelirdeki azalma biraz daha fazlaydı. Hem turizm gelirlerinin hem de ihracat düşüşünün, zaten cari açık veren bir ekonomide kriz yaratmamasını ise ithalat fiyatlarındaki, özellikle enerji fiyatlarındaki dramatik düşüşler sağladı.
– İhracatın yeniden büyümeye geçmesinin ardından gözler turizme döndü. Yılın ilk çeyreği daralmanın devamı şeklindeydi. Nisan ayında yüzde 18’lik artış yakalandı. Bu artışın devam edip etmeyeceği, daralma döneminin sonlanıp sonlanmadığı açısından dün açıklanan mayıs ayı rakamları kritik öneme sahipti.
– Mayıs ayında da gelen turist sayısı yüzde 16.27 arttı. Haziran ne olacak denirse benzer artışın süreceği söylenebilir. Çünkü turistik bölgelere artan uçak seferleri bize turist sayısındaki artışın haziranda ivmelenerek sürdüğünü düşündürüyor.
– Zaten nisan ve mayıs ayının güçlü artışlarıyla 5 aylık dönemde gelen turist 8.3 milyondan 8.7 milyona çıktı ve yüzde 5.5 büyüdü. Geçen yılın aynı döneminde yüzde 23 gerileme vardı. Dolayısıyla yılın ikinci çeyreğinde yüzde 15-20 arasında artış kaydetmesi, turizmdeki en uzun süreli dil gerilemenin toparlanmaya, büyümeye ve ribaunda döndüğünün işaretidir.
– Bu toparlanmada da yeni yılla birlikte büyük kentlerdeki terör olaylarının önemli ölçüde azalması başlıca etken. Can güvenliği korkusu altında kimse tatil yapmak istemez. Henüz bu korku tam anlamıyla atlatılmış değil. Çünkü Rusya dışında gelişmiş ülkelerden gelen turist sayısında henüz 2014 yılının uzağındayız.
– Rusya ile siyasi ilişkilerin yanında turistik ve ekonomik ilişkilerin büyük ölçüde normalleşmesinin turizmdeki toparlanmada etkisi büyük. Çünkü Rusya Türkiye’ye en çok turist gönderen ülke haline geldi. Yılın 5 aylık döneminde Rusya’dan 928 bin turist gelirken geçen yıla kadar en çok turist yollayan Almanya’dan gelenler 863 bin kişide kaldı. Türkiye’ye gelenlerin yüzde 10.6’sı veya her 10 turisten biri Rusya’dan artık.
– Anlaşılan o ki, Ruslarla birlikte turizmin kötü talihi de döndü. Kötüye gidiş durdu ve yeniden büyüme dönemi başladı. Ekonomi de, ihracattan sonraki en büyük döviz getiren sektörüne yeniden kavuşuyor.
– Turizm sektöründe başlayan toparlanmanın etkisini istihdam verilerinde görebiliriz. Sektör daralırken işsizliği artıran ve istihdamı düşüren turizm sektöründe işlerin tersine dönmesi istihdam piyasasında da pozitif sonuçlar yaratmaya adaydır.